Statistics Question

Assignment 4 – Week 4
Name: ___________________
Directions:
a) Enter all your answers into this Word document (immediately following the relevant question)
and submit the entire document. IMPORTANT: The name of your Word document MUST begin
with your LAST NAME, for instance SMITH-Assignment4. Do not forget to save it as Word
document, so the file name would be SMITH-Assignment4.docx
b) When you use a Template to calculate an answer, copy and paste the results into this document.
c) While putting your answers in a different color font is helpful, please DO NOT use red font since
this is the color used to provide feedback on your answers.
Chapter 17 #43 – Demand for Dairy Products.
United Dairies, Inc., supplies milk to several independent grocers throughout Dade County, Florida.
Managers at United Dairies want to develop a forecast of the number of half-gallons of milk sold per
week. Sales data for the past 12 weeks follow.
a. Construct a time series plot. What type of pattern exists in the data?
b. Use exponential smoothing with a = .4 to develop a forecast of demand for week 13.
Ch 12 – #22 – M&M Candy Colors.
Mars, Inc. manufactures M&M’s, one of the most popular candy treats in the world. The milk chocolate
candies come in a variety of colors including blue, brown, green, orange, red, and yellow. The overall
proportions for the colors are .24 blue, .13 brown, .20 green, .16 orange, .13 red, and .14 yellow. In a
sampling study, several bags of M&M milk chocolates were opened and the following color counts were
obtained.
Use a .05 level of significance and the sample data to test the hypothesis that the over-all proportions
for the colors are as stated above. What is your conclusion?
Ch 12 – #32 – Ambulance Calls by Day of Week.
An ambulance service responds to emergency calls for two counties in Virginia. One county is an urban
county and the other is a rural county. A sample of 471 ambulance calls over the past two years showed
the county and the day of the week for each emergency call. Data are as follows.
Test for independence of the county and the day of the week. Using a .05 level of significance, what is
the p-value and what is your conclusion?
Ch 13 – # 37 – College Attendance Rates.
The following data show the percentage of 17- to 24-year-olds who are attending college in several
metropolitan statistical areas in four geographic regions of the United States (U.S. Census Bureau
website, https://www .census.gov/data.html).
Use a = .05 to test whether the mean percentage of 17- to 24-year-olds who are attending college is the
same for the four geographic regions
Emergency County
1
Urban
2
Urban
3
Urban
4
Urban
5
Urban
6
Urban
7
Urban
8
Urban
9
Rural
10
Urban
11
Urban
12
Urban
13
Urban
14
Urban
15
Urban
16
Rural
17
Rural
18
Urban
19
Urban
20
Urban
21
Urban
22
Urban
23
Urban
24
Rural
25
Urban
26
Urban
27
Urban
28
Rural
29
Urban
30
Urban
31
Urban
32
Rural
33
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34
Rural
35
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36
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37
Rural
38
Rural
39
Urban
40
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41
Rural
42
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43
Urban
44
Urban
Day of Week
Tuesday
Friday
Saturday
Monday
Friday
Sunday
Thursday
Friday
Sunday
Friday
Friday
Monday
Friday
Friday
Monday
Thursday
Wednesday
Tuesday
Sunday
Saturday
Sunday
Monday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Saturday
Friday
Friday
Sunday
Thursday
Thursday
Sunday
Saturday
Wednesday
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Monday
Sunday
Sunday
Friday
Sunday
Friday
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Thursday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Friday
Friday
Friday
Tuesday
Thursday
Thursday
Monday
Sunday
Thursday
Thursday
Tuesday
Sunday
Thursday
Monday
Monday
Tuesday
Thursday
Sunday
Tuesday
Friday
Friday
Thursday
Sunday
Friday
Saturday
Friday
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Sunday
Thursday
Thursday
Thursday
Wednesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Sunday
Sunday
Sunday
Wednesday
Wednesday
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Tuesday
Monday
Sunday
Friday
Saturday
Friday
Friday
Tuesday
Thursday
Thursday
Tuesday
Tuesday
Friday
Thursday
Wednesday
Friday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Thursday
Tuesday
Sunday
Sunday
Tuesday
Thursday
Thursday
Wednesday
Tuesday
Saturday
Friday
Wednesday
Tuesday
Monday
Thursday
Monday
Monday
Friday
Wednesday
Friday
Saturday
Wednesday
Saturday
Sunday
Wednesday
Wednesday
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Saturday
Friday
Thursday
Tuesday
Friday
Wednesday
Friday
Monday
Thursday
Saturday
Monday
Saturday
Monday
Thursday
Sunday
Friday
Thursday
Monday
Thursday
Monday
Sunday
Thursday
Monday
Thursday
Tuesday
Sunday
Saturday
Friday
Saturday
Saturday
Tuesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Sunday
Tuesday
Sunday
Friday
Monday
Monday
Monday
Wednesday
Monday
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Wednesday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Monday
Sunday
Wednesday
Saturday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Saturday
Tuesday
Friday
Friday
Wednesday
Friday
Friday
Thursday
Saturday
Saturday
Sunday
Saturday
Saturday
Friday
Friday
Friday
Monday
Tuesday
Friday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Monday
Thursday
Sunday
Wednesday
Sunday
Tuesday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Saturday
Wednesday
Friday
Monday
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Sunday
Tuesday
Thursday
Saturday
Monday
Friday
Friday
Sunday
Friday
Wednesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Friday
Tuesday
Friday
Friday
Thursday
Sunday
Thursday
Saturday
Tuesday
Monday
Tuesday
Tuesday
Friday
Monday
Monday
Wednesday
Sunday
Sunday
Tuesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Friday
Saturday
Saturday
Friday
Sunday
Sunday
Wednesday
Friday
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Thursday
Wednesday
Tuesday
Saturday
Wednesday
Friday
Wednesday
Saturday
Sunday
Friday
Thursday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Thursday
Saturday
Saturday
Wednesday
Sunday
Sunday
Sunday
Monday
Monday
Thursday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Friday
Friday
Monday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Sunday
Thursday
Monday
Saturday
Friday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Wednesday
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Thursday
Tuesday
Monday
Monday
Tuesday
Saturday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Sunday
Wednesday
Friday
Saturday
Saturday
Tuesday
Saturday
Friday
Thursday
Saturday
Tuesday
Saturday
Friday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Tuesday
Sunday
Monday
Sunday
Wednesday
Saturday
Friday
Tuesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Thursday
Friday
Thursday
Sunday
Tuesday
Sunday
Monday
Monday
Saturday
Friday
Saturday
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Wednesday
Saturday
Tuesday
Thursday
Saturday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Sunday
Sunday
Saturday
Tuesday
Tuesday
Thursday
Monday
Monday
Friday
Friday
Thursday
Wednesday
Tuesday
Sunday
Thursday
Friday
Wednesday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Tuesday
Tuesday
Monday
Monday
Wednesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Saturday
Thursday
Wednesday
Tuesday
Saturday
Saturday
Friday
Friday
Sunday
Sunday
Sunday
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Tuesday
Thursday
Tuesday
Sunday
Friday
Wednesday
Sunday
Tuesday
Thursday
Monday
Sunday
Thursday
Monday
Saturday
Wednesday
Friday
Friday
Saturday
Friday
Wednesday
Wednesday
Tuesday
Sunday
Thursday
Friday
Monday
Friday
Monday
Sunday
Sunday
Monday
Wednesday
Friday
Tuesday
Sunday
Thursday
Friday
Wednesday
Friday
Thursday
Thursday
Wednesday
Monday
Monday
Friday
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Urban
Rural
Urban
Urban
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Saturday
Wednesday
Monday
Sunday
Friday
Sunday
Thursday
Tuesday
Sunday
Sunday
Tuesday
Tuesday
Thursday
Monday
Thursday
Tuesday
Friday
Tuesday
Saturday
Color
Red
Orange
Red
Green
Green
Red
Red
Yellow
Yellow
Red
Red
Blue
Blue
Yellow
Orange
Red
Blue
Green
Green
Brown
Blue
Blue
Orange
Red
Orange
Orange
Red
Blue
Yellow
Red
Green
Orange
Blue
Brown
Green
Blue
Green
Yellow
Brown
Brown
Green
Blue
Blue
Blue
Red
Brown
Blue
Yellow
Yellow
Red
Red
Orange
Red
Blue
Green
Green
Orange
Brown
Orange
Blue
Orange
Brown
Green
Green
Orange
Green
Blue
Green
Brown
Yellow
Red
Red
Orange
Orange
Yellow
Green
Orange
Green
Yellow
Orange
Orange
Yellow
Red
Orange
Brown
Brown
Brown
Yellow
Brown
Orange
Blue
Brown
Red
Brown
Blue
Yellow
Red
Yellow
Blue
Green
Yellow
Orange
Yellow
Brown
Yellow
Green
Green
Blue
Orange
Blue
Brown
Green
Green
Blue
Orange
Green
Brown
Green
Yellow
Green
Green
Brown
Blue
Yellow
Blue
Brown
Green
Green
Yellow
Red
Orange
Brown
Green
Brown
Blue
Yellow
Blue
Red
Brown
Orange
Orange
Yellow
Yellow
Green
Yellow
Blue
Blue
Brown
Yellow
Yellow
Blue
Green
Blue
Orange
Blue
Blue
Yellow
Brown
Yellow
Orange
Green
Blue
Blue
Brown
Red
Brown
Green
Blue
Blue
Green
Green
Red
Blue
Green
Orange
Blue
Blue
Brown
Orange
Brown
Blue
Red
Green
Blue
Green
Yellow
Blue
Brown
Blue
Green
Yellow
Yellow
Brown
Yellow
Red
Orange
Green
Green
Blue
Blue
Green
Brown
Orange
Orange
Brown
Brown
Orange
Yellow
Orange
Orange
Orange
Orange
Brown
Orange
Orange
Brown
Red
Blue
Red
Orange
Brown
Red
Red
Brown
Blue
Blue
Green
Green
Green
Green
Yellow
Brown
Red
Red
Green
Orange
Green
Orange
Blue
Brown
Yellow
Green
Blue
Orange
Yellow
Yellow
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Orange
Blue
Blue
Green
Green
Blue
Brown
Yellow
Blue
Blue
Yellow
Yellow
Red
Orange
Red
Orange
Blue
Brown
Brown
Blue
Green
Yellow
Orange
Orange
Blue
Green
Brown
Brown
Red
Red
Blue
Yellow
Yellow
Brown
Green
Blue
Blue
Brown
Green
Blue
Red
Brown
Green
Green
Orange
Green
Blue
Brown
Yellow
Orange
Blue
Yellow
Blue
Orange
Red
Red
Blue
Orange
Green
Yellow
Green
Yellow
Brown
Orange
Orange
Brown
Blue
Green
Blue
Red
Red
Blue
Blue
Orange
Orange
Red
Blue
Brown
Red
Brown
Green
Yellow
Yellow
Red
Orange
Red
Blue
Blue
Green
Red
Blue
Yellow
Blue
Brown
Yellow
Orange
Yellow
Blue
Red
Blue
Red
Yellow
Brown
Brown
Orange
Red
Yellow
Green
Green
Red
Blue
Green
Blue
Yellow
Yellow
Blue
Orange
Yellow
Red
Red
Blue
Red
Blue
Blue
Green
Yellow
Orange
Orange
Brown
Red
Green
Brown
Blue
Yellow
Green
Brown
Brown
Yellow
Red
Red
Orange
Green
Yellow
Yellow
Red
Blue
Brown
Yellow
Green
Red
Yellow
Red
Blue
Red
Green
Orange
Brown
Blue
Blue
Green
Red
Yellow
Orange
Blue
Yellow
Orange
Orange
Yellow
Red
Blue
Orange
Red
Red
Blue
Blue
Orange
Orange
Brown
Brown
Yellow
Red
Green
Orange
Brown
Red
Orange
Green
Yellow
Yellow
Green
Blue
Red
Yellow
Blue
Orange
Blue
Yellow
Green
Yellow
Green
Brown
Yellow
Red
Green
Yellow
Blue
Blue
Orange
Brown
Brown
Green
Orange
Orange
Green
Green
Brown
Blue
Green
Blue
Yellow
Red
Brown
Orange
Red
Green
Orange
Green
Blue
Orange
Blue
Red
Green
Blue
Brown
Orange
Orange
Orange
Orange
Blue
Yellow
Green
Green
Blue
Green
Yellow
Brown
Orange
Blue
Yellow
Brown
Week
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Sales
2750
3100
3250
2800
2900
3050
3300
3100
2950
3000
3200
3150
Northeast
28.6
39.9
31.9
46.3
32.5
14.9
36.8
36.3
37.7
58.4
60.6
Midwest
36.7
33.4
22.8
43.8
32.1
58.3
31.1
64.0
27.6
55.5
78.8
42.2
74.7
36.5
28.7
60.4
58.2
21.0
28.8
25.5
73.9
36.8
28.4
27.2
31.8
56.8
28.3
33.3
39.4
39.2
South
59.9
37.2
28.0
41.1
33.9
18.8
30.3
67.4
32.6
30.0
39.1
29.7
29.8
23.7
34.0
24.5
54.2
31.0
41.9
70.2
22.7
30.7
30.8
21.6
31.5
38.2
40.2
35.4
21.6
35.5
26.1
32.7
West
16.4
33.5
22.3
12.4
43.7
26.8
57.3
14.3
37.0
28.1
17.5
32.3
52.4
51.5
25.4
29.6
27.6
31.5
22.8
34.6
33.0
37.0
33.8
28.7
21.8
STATISTICS FOR BUSINESS – MNS 601
Special Project (Example #1)
Name:
Student A
Date: ____________
Part A: Description of Business Context
Write a brief summary of the business context (e.g., manufacturing, marketing,
finance, etc.) including the name of the company or organization.
The economic crisis affected many industries, particularly the automobile
manufacturing industry. As gas prices soared and jobs were lost, consumers
demanded more fuel-efficient vehicles. The companies that suffered the most
were the ones that continued to produce gas-guzzling vehicles such as trucks
and SUVs, among these manufacturers was Ford Motor Company (Ford). Ford
lost sales quickly during this period and needed a solution soon or risk complete
failure like some of its unlucky competitors.
Part B: Problem/Issue
State the business problem/issue to be addressed using statistics and why this
problem/issue is important to the company/organization.
An example of Ford’s response to the fuel-efficient vehicle market was the new
Focus SE, a model that claims to get 40 MPG. It is important for car
manufacturers, such as Ford, to accurately assess MPG in order to maintain the
integrity of the company’s product as well as to continue attracting future
customers. Therefore, the use of statistics will either validate or invalidate Ford’s
claim that the new Focus SE gets 40 MPG.
Part C: Statistical Procedure
Explain the statistical procedure (NOTE: Focus on ONE statistical procedure only)
1. Independent variable:
a) What is the variable: Type of Car
b) How it is measured (e.g., revenue measured in “dollars”; height
measured as “short, average, tall”) Car make and model
c) Level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio): Nominal
2. Dependent variable:
a) What is the variable: Mileage (MPG)
b) How it is measured (e.g., revenue measured in “dollars”; height
measured as “short, average, tall”) Miles per gallon (MPG)
MNS 601 Special Project
1
3.
4.
5.
6.
c) Level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio): Ratio
Name of the procedure/formula (e.g., ANOVA, Chi-Square, Hypothesis
Test using z formula, Regression Analysis, etc.). NOTE: The procedure/
formula must be one that was covered in the course: Hypothesis test (One
sample t test)
Describe the statistical rationale/justification for choosing this
procedure/formula: Need to test the hypothesis that the population mean
for the Ford Focus SE is 40 MPG. A t-test is appropriate here because the
following assumptions for a t-test are met in this problem, specifically the
standard deviation of the population is unknown and the dependent
variable is at the interval or ratio level of measurement.
Describe how the data are collected by the business/organization: Ford
test-drove a random sample of Ford Focus SE cars and calculated the MPG
for each vehicle.
Describe how the data are analyzed (i.e., how the statistical procedure is
performed): The null and alternative hypotheses are defined (H0: u = 40
MPG, H1: u ≠ 40 MPG); an alpha level is set; the mean MPG for the sample
of cars is calculated; the calculated t value is determined using the formula
t = (sample mean – population mean) ÷ (s / √ n); the calculated t value is
compared to the critical t values (found in the t-table); if t calculated < t critical H0 is accepted and if t calculated > t critical H0 is rejected.
Part D: Decision/Interpretation
Explain the type of business decision that the company/organization would make
as a result of this statistical analysis. If H0 is accepted, Ford can confidently
market the Ford Focus SE as having a mileage rating of 40 MPG. If H0 is rejected,
Ford would not be able to advertise the Ford Focus SE as having a mileage rating
of 40 MPG and may decide to perform additional quality tests on the model to
identify any deficiencies.
MNS 601 Special Project
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