UMG Effect of Caffeine on Heart Rate Statistics Paper

MATU-203 Final Project Instructions
Mastering the concepts in Introductory Statistics assists in building critical thinking skills, developing
businesses and organizations, and solving all types of problems that require data. But an understanding
of statistics extends beyond the ability to crunch numbers or use a software program. The ability to
collect, organize, and analyze data is the beginning. The ability to clearly communicate your results
to another person is the mark of true mastery.
The Assignment
In this assignment, you will choose a scenario with data – from one of 5 options provided at the end
of these directions under Project Topics – and you will construct a paper that pulls together the
statistics you have learned in order to answer a question. You will:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Introduce the main question, and explain the data that you will use to address it
Organize your data by providing appropriate charts, graphs and descriptive statistics
Analyze your data by conducting a hypothesis test
State your conclusions and recommendations
See the section Outline Of Material To Present below for a more detailed explanation of what you will
submit for each of these four sections.
The topics that you may choose from are
•
•
•
•
•
Business – Analysis of Home Sales
Health Sciences – The Effect of Caffeine on Heart Rate
Psychology – The Effect of Colored Paper on Reading Speed
Sociology – Level of Education and its Effect on Homelessness in Veterans
Criminal Justice – Analysis of Poverty and Crime
At the end of these directions, under Project Topics, are the full descriptions for each of these 5 topic
options, including the data you must use in your analysis. Please scroll down and read through each of
these 5 options in their entirety before making your selection. You must select one of these 5 topics.
You may not select your own topic.
Outline of Material to Present
This assignment is broken down into four parts: Collection of Data, Organization of Data, Analysis of
Data, and Conclusion/Recommendations. Each part has a subset of questions and issues you must
address. Please ensure that your report includes a section for each of the 4 Parts listed below, and that
each part addresses ALL of the sub-questions listed.
Again, you must select one of the 5 topics provided at the end of these instructions in the section
Project Topics, and you must use the data and names provided within your chosen topic prompt.
Part 1: Collection of Data – Introduction and Primary Data Analysis (3 – 5 paragraphs):
1. Describe the objective: Before you can examine the data, you must understand the problem.
a. Discuss the importance of this issue or situation.
b. Introduce the company or organization you are preparing this report for, and explain
why it is important to them.
c. What is the research question? In other words, what is the basic question you, as the
researcher, want to address? Why should we care about it?
d. Was this an experimental or observational study? Explain.
2. Clearly and with sufficient detail, describe the population, sample, and collection methods in
this study.
a. What is the population you are interested in?
b. What is the sample, specifically?
c. What is a plausible way the sample was chosen and why?
d. What problems or biases might have occurred from choosing that type of sampling
method?
3. Discuss the type of data.
a. Was the data quantitative or qualitative? Explain.
b. What is the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio)? Explain.
4. Describe the variables
a. What are the independent and dependent variables? Give the type, units, and more
specific information.
b. Give examples of any confounding variables, lurking variables, and/or missing variables
and explain how they may be affecting your study.
Part 2: Organization of Data – Examination of Descriptive Statistics (graphs and tables, and
approximately 4 paragraphs)
Now that your data is collected, you need to organize it to identify characteristics and patterns.
1. Graph your data appropriately. Construct a scatterplot, bar graph, or other graph to show
the nature of the data. For each graph, be sure you label the graph completely – that means
give it a title, label the axes, and explain what that graph means in the context of this
narrative.
2. Discuss whether the data is normally distributed. For this, use a visual inspection of a
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Histogram and Normal Quantile Plot, as well as what you see in the data itself and what that
means about the high and low ends of the data.
Calculate and present the three Measures of Central Tendency: mean, median, and mode.
Provide both the value of the statistics as well as an analysis of what they mean in terms of
understanding the sample.
Calculate and present the Measures of Variation: range and standard deviation. Provide both
the value of the statistics as well as an analysis of what they mean in terms of understanding
the sample.
Calculate and present the 5-Number Summary: minimum, Q1, median, Q3, maximum.
Provide both the value of the statistics as well as an analysis of what they mean in terms of
understanding the sample.
Identify any Outliers. You can do this using a visual inspection of the graph as well as the
formulas from the textbook (HINT: Q1 – 1.5*IQR, and Q3 + 1.5*IQR).
Discuss any corrections: Based on your inspection of the outliers are there any errors that
should be corrected? How would you correct them? Discuss the implications of this result.
Part 3: Analysis of Data – Examination of Inferential Statistics (tables of results, and appropriate
hypothesis test steps)
Assuming that all assumptions have been met, it is now time to analyze the data. Present a complete
hypothesis test.
1. Identify the claim.
2. State the null and alternative hypotheses, in words and in symbolic form.
3. Explain what type of test you will be performing (i.e. a test of two dependent means, a test for
correlation, etc.) and why that test is appropriate to address the main question you are trying to
answer.
4. Select the significance level and determine if it is a one or two-tailed test.
5. Identify the test statistic and compute the value of the test statistic and the p-value.
6. Make a decision of whether to Reject or Fail to Reject the null hypothesis.
7. Restate your decision in nontechnical terms. That means, state your conclusion in a way that
anyone can understand; a final conclusion that just says “reject the null hypothesis” by itself
without explanation is not helpful to those who hired you. Explain in ordinary terms what it
means.
Part 4: Conclusion and Recommendations (approximately 3 paragraphs)
Summarize and explain your results. Provide recommendations.
1. What can you infer from the statistics?
2. What information might lead you to a different conclusion?
3. What variables are missing?
4. What additional information would be valuable to help draw a more certain conclusion?
5. What qualitative or quantitative data would you want to collect if you were hired to do a follow
up study?
Formatting Requirements
Your paper should be a Word document, with embedded charts, graphs, figures, and tables. It should
be APA or MLA Format, with name and page number on each page, and should include each of the
following:
1. Title page: You should have a cover page. The cover page should have the specific title of your
study (Note: “MATU 203 Paper” does not clearly define the topic you are presenting), your
name, Brandman University, MATU 203, term, and year. You might find it helpful to include an
image of something representative of the study to provide a visual context for your report.
2. Write Up/Body: The body should be 5 – 8 pages with graphs, images, screen shots of data
output, and text included. Please use a “page break” to separate the cover from the body
and the references from the body and the appendices from the reference page.
3. References: Please include all articles, books, websites, publications, or other information
that helped you reach your conclusion. The references come after the main body and before
the appendix. At least two references are required, not including the textbook.
4. Appendices: You must have an appendix. The appendix goes at the end of your paper and
might be an additional 1-2 pages. In the appendix, include your given data as well as
supplemental charts and graphs outside of the ones included in your paper. Label the
appendices, Appendix 1, Appendix 2, and so on.
Academic Integrity
The University expects that students will conduct themselves in an honest and ethical manner and respect
the intellectual work of others. Your paper will be submit through TurnItIn, which is a plagiarism detection
service. Your paper will receive a Similarity Report that represents the percentage of your paper that is
similar to or copied from other sources. Any type of plagiarism, including using work without referencing,
copying another paper, not citing references in the body of the paper, using a paper from another course,
etc., will be met with penalties determined by the instructor, including the possibility of failing the course,
and having an Academic Integrity Violation Sanction Report submitted to University administration. Note:
You may not use a paper you wrote from a prior course, even if it is the same class you are taking now,
without prior permission from your individual instructor. If you have further questions about academic
integrity, please contact your instructor and/or see the catalog.
Project Topics (select one of the topics and data sets below)
Study #1: Business
Asking Price (thousands), X
Weeks to Sale, Y
150
6
250
17
200
8
285
10
320
12
80
5
Mickey and Minnie conjecture
that the higher the price of the
home, the longer the house will be
on the market. They select a
simple random sample of 31
recently sold homes in Anaheim
for analysis and they want to
know if the number of weeks to
sale influences asking price. You
are asked to organize and analyze
this data, and present your results
to the company with an
appropriate hypothesis test.
120
8
300
12
180
6
600
22
300
9
210
8
300
16
460
14
670
15
400
10
300
18
Please present a report to the
Mickey and Minnie executives that
includes your data, results, and
related evidence from national
studies.
200
9
240
14
65
7
900
13
330
12
205
5
405
15
630
16
255
310
7
14
440
16
305
13
700
280
20
6
Mickey and Minnie Home Sales,
an Orange County real estate
company, wants to know if there
is a relationship between the price
a home sells for and the number
of weeks the home was on the
market prior to the sale.
Click here to Download the Data Set for Study #1
Study #2: Nursing and Health Sciences
Premiere Hospital of Newport
Beach (PHNB) wants to
determine whether or not to
serve caffeinated coffee for
their patients in the waiting
rooms. At this point, they are
not concerned about the
visitors, only people who will be
treated at the hospital. As a
state-of-the-art medical facility,
they know that many similar
facilities do serve coffee and
they want to determine if there
is sufficient evidence to show
that caffeinated coffee
increases heart rate.
The hospital tested 31 hospital
patients who each recently had
two cups of coffee while
awaiting a doctor consultation.
The patients’ heart rates were
recorded before they drank
coffee, and again after they
drank coffee. You are asked to
organize and analyze this data,
and present your results with
an appropriate hypothesis test
of whether caffeine significantly
increases heart rate.
Please present a report to the
Premiere Hospital
administrators that includes
your data, results, and related
evidence from national studies.
Heart Rate Before Coffee
80
70
80
65
77
60
90
75
88
70
78
70
62
50
72
75
60
72
60
68
65
62
75
84
87
73
78
68
72
81
75
Click here to Download the Data Set for Study #2
Heart Rate After Coffee
95
100
84
65
84
74
100
85
98
95
80
80
78
60
88
79
72
90
65
78
75
75
90
88
95
87
88
75
84
92
86
Study #3: Psychology
Some people believe that reading text printed on
colored paper is easier than reading text on white
paper. For this reason, disability services locations
often provide colored filters that are clear to put over
top of books and imprinted pages.
Irvine University, a public research institution with
30,000 undergraduate students, is considering the
possibility of providing colored filters for those people
in disability services who would be helped by this tool.
Irvine University randomly tested 31 students in their
learning disability program during the first week of
classes in Fall 2018. The students, of varying ages,
abilities, majors, and socioeconomic status were timed
as they read a passage printed in black ink printed on
white paper and then timed reading a similar passage
printed with black ink on light blue-colored paper.
Students were tested on one day with a passage on
white paper and then asked to willfully return the next
day to read a similar, but different passage of the same
length and difficulty level, on light blue-colored paper.
Is there sufficient evidence to show that reading text
on light blue-color paper is more effective? You are
asked to organize and analyze this data, and present
your results to the university with a hypothesis test on
whether or not there is significant improvement in
reading speed.
Please present a report to Irvine University’s Disability
Services directors that includes your data, results, and
related evidence from national studies.
Click here to Download the Data Set for Study #3
Light Blue Paper
(seconds taken to
read passage)
White Paper
(seconds taken
to read passage)
70
113
50
138
77
120
100
79
67
73
67
70
110
95
49
75
60
82
88
80
100
102
96
64
73
93
85
69
91
112
124
65
100
40
120
74
100
90
68
60
71
74
68
90
85
44
69
58
75
78
74
85
100
90
64
73
94
75
65
92
100
105
Study #4: Sociology
California Veteran Support, an agency delivering resources
to support military veterans in California, wants to address
the problem of veterans being homeless. To start, they
want to determine whether or not there is a correlation
between homelessness and other variables, such as
education, crime, and mental illness, so that they can
determine the most effective resources to offer. You are
hired to specifically investigate whether or not there is a
relationship between years of education, and length of time
spent homeless.
You receive a survey of responses from 31 homeless
veterans from various cities in California. Each veteran
responded to indicate how many months they have lived on
the streets, as well as the grade they finished in school (one
year of college would equal 13 years of school, 4 years of
college would equal 16 years of school, and so on. Some
veterans received a GED and had less than 12 years of
formal education).
Is there sufficient evidence to show that the years of
education a veteran has received may affect the length
of time that he or she is homeless? You are asked to
organize and analyze this data, and present your results
with a hypothesis test on whether or not there is a
correlation between years of education and months
spent homeless.
Please present a report to the California Veteran Support
directors that includes your data, results, and related
evidence from national studies.
Click here to Download the Data Set for Study #4
16
Homelessness
in months on
the street
5
13
10
12
4
12
12
18
7
12
10
16
20
16
18
12
20
13
17
14
4
9
8
10
9
15
15
12
14
13
9
10
18
12
35
16
28
15
12
14
14
15
12
13
16
16
18
12
13
14
18
4
10
10
15
24
5
30
6
14
18
Education in
years of school
Study #5: Criminal Justice
Many public bodies seek to understand the issues surrounding
criminal behavior so that they can find ways to reduce crime. You
are asked to determine if there is evidence of a relationship
between poverty and crime.
Since arrests do not equal convictions and number of convictions
is not a good variable with the Three Strike Law in California, you
decide to ask 31 random people in and around the Los Angeles
courthouse over the month of July to voluntarily give you their
family income and self-reported incidents of criminal activity for
your study. Half of the respondents were awaiting trials of various
types, and half were bystanders. You are asked to organize and
analyze this data, and present your results with a hypothesis test
on whether or not there is a correlation between family income
and number of incidents of criminal activity.
Prepare this analysis for your local law enforcement agency.
Please include your data, results, and related evidence from
national studies.
Click here to Download the Data Set for Study #5
160
Number of
self-reported
instances of
criminal
activity
1
5
8
12
0
100
1
18
7
200
0
16
2
25
10
40
5
32
13
14
20
90
1
30
9
40
6
15
14
28
10
30
8
120
0
30
10
40
35
47
51
75
130
55
25
15
35
65
52
4
4
2
3
0
1
3
9
3
0
1
3
Family
Income
(thousands)
Heart Rate Before Coffee Heart Rate After Coffee
80 95
70 100
80 84
65 65
77 84
60 74
90 100
75 85
88 98
70 95
78 80
70 80
62 78
50 60
72 88
75 79
60 72
72 90
60 65
68 78
65 75
62 75
75 90
84 88
87 95
73 87
78 88
68 75
72 84
81 92
75 86